Monday, December 18, 2017

REFLECTION 2: ISSUES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS, SCHOOL CULTURE AND PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN RELATION TO PRACTICE

Buller High School (BHS) caters for Years 9-15. It is situated in the small town of Westport (population 3000) in the Buller District (one of three districts which make up the West Coast province). The roll is usually around 320. The school currently has a decile rating of 5 (although this is still a bone of contention as the rating was raised from 3 to 5 in 2013, at the same time as the community began to experience further economic hardship due to the woes of the Solid Energy Stockton Mine located nearby).

School Culture

Stoll (1998) states that school culture is one of the most complex and important concepts in education, and that it is shaped by its history, context and the people in it, their assumptions and beliefs. Therefore, it acts as a lens through which the world is viewed. Hongboontri and Keawkhong (2014) in looking at the significance of school culture on teaching practices, similarly defined school cultures as a collection of traditions and rituals that have been built over time. Heinecke (2017) describes school culture as a “true game changer [in] … providing optimal educational experiences and refers to Brian Chesky’s (founder of Airbnb) definition that “culture is a shared way of doing something with passion” – this definition really resonates with me. 

Stoll (1998) goes on to highlight four Teaching Cultures – Individualism, Collaboration, Contrived Collegiality and Balkansiation. I believe BHS falls predominantly within the Balkanisation culture — we are not isolated and we tend to work in small collaborative groups, such as departments and various specialist teams (e.g. Curriculum Team Leaders, ICT, PB4L, Houses).

Using Stroll’s (1998) ten norms for improving schools as a reference point, we can look specifically at the culture of BHS:
  • We have shared goals, a responsibility for success and the desire for continuous improvement — our mission, vision and goal, respectively, are clear – we are ready for the challenges of tomorrow; we want to meet future challenges by raising expectations through quality education and experiences in an environment that allows everyone to be their best, and we are striving for excellence through high expectations. The goal is visible throughout the school and is (generally) known by all.
  • A sense of collegiality, support, mutual respect and opennessare inherent in the school’s core values, known as the 4Rs – relationships (whanaungatanga), respect (manaakitanga), responsibility (kawenga) and resilience (manahau). Inherent in these values is a culture of citizenship, consideration, and commitment to biculturalism.
  • We celebrate success in the fields of academic, arts, culture, and sport

An integral part of our school culture is a strong sense of belonging to our community and our identity and place within it. Although there is an anomaly for a school which is and sees the reciprocal relationship with the community as vital to our success . ERO (2017) said “The school receives strong support from its community which benefits many aspects of student learning. A number of families and staff have inter-generational links with the area leading to extended support over the academic, cultural and sporting aspects of school life”. However, we struggle to get a wide range of our parents and whanau to participate in parent-teacher interviews, for example. This could perhaps be explained by socioeconomic factors, about which there could be further scope for investigation. 

Socioeconomic status

APA (2016) defines the SES of a family as “a combination of education, income and occupation” and links socioeconomic status (SES) to educational attainment and perceptions. I cannot argue with the research that lower educational achievement and poverty are linked. This is supported by Stoll (1998), who looked at the influence of the socioeconomic background of a school’s students on its culture and the community and its expectations, and Gargiulio (2014), who researched how poverty in NZ impacts on the educational engagement and success of students.

The SES of a community reflects the collective background of the families residing there. Our area has experienced tough economic times frequently in its history, and especially so since 2013. The key to how we cater for this in our school is we focus on being aspirational and we maximise our sense of community. The financial struggles of our students and their families in the declining SES of our district are countered by the commitment of the school staff and community to providing our students with the tools to reach for the sky. As I often say in my classroom, “we may come from a small school in a small town, but with an education we will never come from a small world”. I would like to think that even when our students and families are struggling, they see themselves as much a part of our school community  as we see ourselves as part of the wider Buller community.

Yes, we do need to consider how SES impacts on our students’ learning and wellbeing but I don’t think we should perceive this as being an insurmountable barrier to advancement. SES is a barrier to overcome, but in our corner of the world, it is not the obstacle some might purport it to be. Our PB4L daily breakfast club initiative has more of a social focus than an economic one It could be equally important to ask how other areas overcome the narrow-mindedness of affluence. Many teachers from BHS have addressed assumptions by teachers from high decile schools e.g. how do you cope with being so poorly resourced, do you have access to modern technology? These are assumptions that overlook the efforts of the Board of Trustees and Senior Management Team to ensure our students have access to the best, and are a form of deficit thinking that perhaps affluence brings.

Professional (School) Environment

Our professional environment is about understanding the unique aspects of our setting while placing our students’ achievement and wellbeing at the centre of everything we do. There is acknowledgement from most at BHS that there is room for improvement but we also need to celebrate our successes. Our most recent Education Review Office report sums it up well:
Students benefit from a strong pastoral system, a committed board, senior management team and staff. Buller High School is an integral part of its local community. It utilises the wider natural environment and community well. Leaders and teachers remain focussed on improving outcomes for students and on providing a meaningful range of pathways for leavers. The next steps for the school include improving a number of school management systems and practice. These include internal evaluation, success for Māori and evaluating the effectiveness of the school curriculum.

Reference List:

APA. (2016). Education and Socioeconomic Status. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education.aspx

Education Review Office Report. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.ero.govt.nz/review-reports/buller-high-school-12-05-2017/  


Heinecke, T. (2017). Positive school culture a true game changer for educational institutions. Retrieved from http://www.educatorimpact.com/articles/positive-school-culture

Hongboontri, C., & Keawkhong, N. (2014). School Culture: Teachers' Beliefs, Behaviors, and Instructional Practices. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(5), 66-88. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2332&context=ajte

Stoll, L. (1998). School Culture. School Improvement Network’s Bulletin 9. Institute of Education, University of London. Retrieved from http://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Culture/Understanding-school-cultures/School-Culture


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